IPC Petroleum Chemicals Prodcuction
Factory
مصنع اى بى سى لانتاج
الكيماويات البتروليه |
which will commence work late this year (2006)
at Khartoum-South "Elsoug Elmahali square 35", new location. This factory will produce most needed chemicals such as PPD and Demulsifier for the production
and transportation of crude oil.
IPC Crude Oil Chemicals Products
,and uses
POUR POINT DEPRESSANTS (PPD)
Pour Point Depressants
and their Impact on the Low Temperature Properties of Greases
The use of pour point depressants to lower the pour point
of engine oils is well known in the literature and the types of pour points depressants are varied. Typically these highly
viscous or solid polymers are delivered in oils or some other type of solvent. They are extremely effective in modifying the
pour point of oils with treat rates generally less than 0.5 per cent by weight. However, the amount of pour point depressant
used will vary according to the base oil type, concentration of the polymer in the oil, the type of polymer and the degree
of pour point correction desired.
Greases are also required to operate at extreme temperatures and due to their rheology,
low temperatures can have a profound effect on their ability to properly function. Greases that meet the NLGI GC/LB specification
for the D4693 (Standard Test Method for Low-Temperature Torque of Grease-Lubricated Wheel Bearings) must pass the low temperature
torque test at –40°C. The majority of manufactured greases are made with mineral oils that are thickened with lithium
12-hydroxystearate or lithium stearate and they may not pass this test. One method to improve the low temperature properties
for these greases is to use synthetic polyalphaolefin (PAO) base stocks. However, the disadvantage of using PAOs is they add
cost to the finished grease. Typically, paraffinic mineral oils are the least expensive of oils to use, and therefore, are
preferred for their cost savings, but they aggravate this low temperature problem. There have been questions whether the addition
of pour point depressants to lithium stearate type greases, which contain high VI paraffinic base oils, would improve the
low temperature performance of the grease while still maintaining its cost effectiveness by using the paraffinic oil.
This
paper will present the results of our study on the effects that three types of pour point depressants had on paraffinic and
naphthenic oil based greases when they were evaluated in a Low Temperature Oscillation Rheometry Test.
The results will show
that the pour point depressant has no effect on the low temperature properties of paraffinic oil based greases regardless
of grease grade. Changing from a paraffinic to naphthenic base oil had more effect on the low temperature properties of the
finished grease than by the addition of pour point depressants.
DEMULSIFIRES
The major source of
difficulty in oil field operation is the removal of water and associated solids. Water is contained in most of the world’s
crude oils in varying proportions.
Economical separation of crude oil from the water requires a combination of
retention Time, thermal and sometimes electrical treatment, and a correctly selected emulsion breaker.
The action of demulsifires
being strong surface active agents, is to wet, disperse and displace the natural emulsifire film binding the oil
/water interface, which then permits agglomeration , coalescence and gravity settling of water droplets .
IPC formulated a full
range of demulsifires which are tailored to fit all local (Sudanese) and international requirements.
PARAFFIN PRODUCTS
IPC manufactures a variety of paraffin inhibitors, paraffin dispersants, and
paraffin solvents to control paraffin. These products will:
* Clean out existing paraffin deposits
* Prevent re-deposition
of removed paraffin
* Penetrate hard paraffin deposits
* Help prevent paraffin depoosition
IPC's
paraffin products can remove accumulated paraffins, or act as preventatives. When removing paraffin, they can be periodically
batched or injected for a period of time.
A typical program of continuous injection would consist of adding 200 to 500
ppm of product until the system is clean and then reducing the injection rate to keep the system clean.
A typical
batch treatment consists of 5-10 gallons down the annulus at one to four week intervals depending on the severity of the problem.
REFERANCES AND TERMINOLOGY
Crude Oil - naturally occurring
hydrocarbon fluid that contains small amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur derivatives and other impurities. It is refined
to yield finished petroleum products and petrochemical feedstocks. The hydrocarbon composition of crude oils varies widely.
Two broad classifications are naphthenic and paraffinic. The nature of crude oil is related to its geographical location and
it is usually named accordingly.
Demulsibility
- test time required for a specified oil-water emulsion to break, ASTM D 1401. Demulsibility is thus a measure of a lube oil’s
ability to separate from water, an important consideration in the lubricant maintenance of many circulating systems.
Pour Point - is a widely used low-temperature
flow indicator and is 5°F above the temperature to which a normally liquid petroleum product maintains fluidity. It is
a significant factor in cold-weather start-up, but must be considered along with pumpability, the ease with which an oil pumps
at low temperatures. Paraffinic oils contain wax which forms a honeycomb of crystals at low temperatures near the pour point.
However, agitation by a pump breaks down this wax structure and allows paraffinic oils to be pumped at temperatures well below
their pour point. Napthenic oils, on the other hand, contain little or no wax and reach their pour point through increase
in viscosity: they cannot be pumped readily near the pour point. ASTM D 97 is used to determine pour point. See also pour
depressant under additives. ASTM D 97 also provides for the determination of cloud point, the lowest temperature (°F)
at which the sample becomes clouded by the formation of was crystals. Clouding is a characteristic only of paraffinic oils.
It is a consideration in the evaluation of fuels whose filtration might be impaired by the plugging effect of wax crystals.
Parafin Inhibitors prevent the deposition
of paraffin, waxes and asphaltenes by interfering with the crystallization mechanisms of these high molecular weight molecules.
Their function is to PREVENT the deposition of paraffin in producing systems.
The proper use of paraffin inhibitors will eliminate the need
of “hot-oiling” to remove paraffin deposits and paraffinic tank bottoms. Note that it is very important that the
inhibitor be injected ahead of the point where crystal formation occurs. This can be achieved in certain cases by injecting
chemical down the annulus of producing wells or by using a “spaghetti string” down the tubing to ensure the chemical
reaches the producing area.
For additional informaion's
on this page Please, Contact:
Zuhair Abdellatif Mohamed Tel. + 249 9 126 87-863
